The large size and the very low radioactive background of solar neutrino detectors such as Borexino at the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy offer a unique opportunity to probe the existence of neutrino oscillations into new sterile components by means of carefully designed and well calibrated anti- neutrino and neutrino artificial sources. Pallavicini, Marco Borexino-SOX Collaboration Agostini, M. Solar neutrino detectors as sterile neutrino hunters The entry concludes with an overview of a selection of future neutrino experiments and their scientific goals. Moving to higher neutrino energies, we discuss neutrinos produced by astrophysical sources and from accelerators. In the context of solar neutrino spectroscopy, where the neutrino is used as a probe for astrophysics, three different types of neutrino detectors are presented - water ÄŒerenkov, radiochemical, and liquid-scintillator detectors. After a brief historical introduction, the detection of low-energy neutrinos originating from nuclear reactors or from the Earth is used to illustrate the principles and difficulties which are encountered in detecting neutrinos. In this entry, we will review neutrino detectors in terms of neutrino energy and associated detection technique as well as the scientific outcome of some selected examples. Depending on the origin and nature of the neutrino, various types of experiments have been developed and operated. Ever since scientists all around the world have worked on the detection and understanding of this particle which so scarcely interacts with matter. The neutrino was postulated by Wolfgang Pauli in the early 1930s, but could only be detected for the first time in the 1950s. Von Feilitzsch, Franz Lanfranchi, Jean-Côme Wurm, Michael It is expected that this detector and space probe studying the core of the Sun, its nuclear furnace and particle physics basic properties will bring new knowledge beyond what is currently possible for Earth bound solar neutrino detectors. With the intensity of solar neutrinos substantially greater in a close solar orbit than on the Earth only a small 250 kg detector is needed. The detector will also be protected from radiation by a tungsten shield Sun shade, active veto array and passive cosmic shielding. The next stage20-string detector AMANDA-II with similar to 800 PMTs will be completedin spring 2000.ĭesign and Technical Study of Neutrino Detector SpacecraftĪ neutrino detector is proposed to be developed for use on a space probe in close orbit of the Sun. Progress with calibration, investigation of ice properties,as well as muon and neutrino data analysis are described. The first stage of the AMANDA High Energy Neutrino Detectorat the South Pole, the 302 PMT array AMANDA-B with an expected effectivearea for TeV neutrinos of similar to 10(4) m(2), has been taking datasince 1997. At last, special care is dedicated to the educational and outreach aspects of such a cosmic ray detector.ĭOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Some other sites are already under study. Several independent arrays can be deployed with the aim of constituting a large distributed observatory. The array exposure will be 1014 cm2 sr s at 100 PeV. The effective detection surface is determined by the shower lateral extension at array location and is hence much larger than the array geometrical area. The array acceptance is then evaluated between 1 PeV and 100 EeV by simulating decaying tau air showers across the valley. A neutrino energy dependent mountain tomography chart is obtained using a neutrino and tau propagation code together with a detailed cartography and elevation map of the region. An appropriate mountain to valley topological configuration has been identified and the first array will be deployed on an inclined slope at an elevation of 1500 m facing Southern Alps near the city of Grenoble (France). It is thus better suited for rare neutrino event search. Air shower particle detection reaches a 100% duty cycle and is practically free of background when compared to Cherenkov light or radio techniques. We have developed a self powered stand alone particle detector array dedicated to the observation of horizontal tau air showers induced by high energy neutrinos interacting in mountain rock. NOY: a neutrino observatory network project based on stand alone air shower detector arrays
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